Who Tied the First Rakhi? As every traditional festivity is associated with ancient legends and myths, Rakhi is no exception to it. Here you would find the tales and stories related to the Rakhi festival which tells us about the great devotion and the affectionate bond between brothers and sisters:Rakhi in Mythology
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Yama and Yamuna:According to a mythological tale, Yama, the lord of death, was blessed with eternity as his sister Yamuna tied up a Rakhi thread on his wrist. Since that time the festival of Raksha Bandhan is associated with tying of Rakhi thread.
The Tale of Lord Bali and Goddess Laxmi:According to the tale King Bali one day approached to the Lord Vishnu to get his kingdom safeguarded from its enemies. Lord Vishnu decided to help his great devotee and was set to leave his heavenly home. Goddess Lakshmi, the wife of Lord Vishnu, did not want her lord to leave the home and reached to the Bali's mansion in disguise of Brahmin woman to seek shelter. On the auspicious day of Shravan Purnima Laxmi ji while tying a revered thread on Bali's wrist told her purpose for being there. Touched by the tender feelings of Lakshmi ji for her family, Kind Bali requested Lord Vishnu to not leave his abode. Therefore the Rakhi festival is also called 'Baleva' that means the devotion of King Bali to Lord Vishnu.
Indra and Sachi: Indra, the king of devtas, had lost his kingdom to the asura Vritra. Indra's wife Sachi than tied a thread around her husband's wrist to ensure his victory in the upcoming war between him and Vrita. This was done at the behest of guru Brihaspati.
Draupadi and Krishna: Lord Krishna was left with a bleeding finger, after Shishupal's death. To stop the flow of blood, Draupadi, the wife of the Pandavas, had torn a strip of silk off her sari and tied it around Krishna's wrist. Touched by her concern, Krishna declared himself to protect her and promised to repay the debt manifold, and spent the next 25 years of his life doing just that. Rakhi in History
King Porus and Alexandar's wife:Another rakhi tale comes from the battle between Alexander the Greek king, and Porus, the Hindu king. Wife of Alexander sent a sacred thread to Porus, asking him not to harm her husband in battle. In accordance with Hindu traditions, Porus gave full respect to rakhi. In the battlefield, when Porus was about to deliver a final blow on Alexander, he saw the rakhi on his hand and restrained himself from attacking Alexander personally.
Humayun and Queen Karmavati: Queen Karmavati of Chittor had sent a Rakhi to Humayun to protect her from Bahadur Shah. Humayun, then engaged in an expedition against Bengal, turned back to carry out his sacred brotherly duty and tried to protect her but was too late. Chittor had already fallen and the Rani had immolated herself in the Rajput custom of Jauhar.
Rabindranath Tagore's call to nation: During the partition of Bengal in 1905, Rabindranath Tagore, the Nobel laureate poet used the occasion of the Raksha Bandhan as a community festival and gave a call to tie a rakhi amongst all Hindus and Muslims so as to maintain peace and harmony between them and spread the nationalist spirit among people from different ethnic backgrounds. This is how Raksha Bandhan came into existence in the ages of old Hindu mythology and has moved into the modern ages as a symbol of universal brotherhood and goodwill.
Showing posts with label Information. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Information. Show all posts
Sunday, August 10, 2008
Wednesday, July 30, 2008
Visit my Hindi Website
Dear All
I know you are enjoying this site. so i have done following changes on my site.
If you want to view in English
http://www.manojsinghrana.co.nr
if you wish to view this in Hindi
http://72.14.235.104/translate_c?hl=en&sl=en&tl=hi&u=http://www.manojsinghrana.co.nr/&usg=ALkJrhgj6OabYhCM7ANpqPvjzf8wbOH9gg
Enjoy my site. i would be updating in daily basis.
I know you are enjoying this site. so i have done following changes on my site.
If you want to view in English
http://www.manojsinghrana.co.nr
if you wish to view this in Hindi
http://72.14.235.104/translate_c?hl=en&sl=en&tl=hi&u=http://www.manojsinghrana.co.nr/&usg=ALkJrhgj6OabYhCM7ANpqPvjzf8wbOH9gg
Enjoy my site. i would be updating in daily basis.
Monday, July 21, 2008
Nipat Gaye Dono
Aakhir dono log nipat hi gaye. Ladies and Gentleman please post some comment for them. Wish them for their happy marriage lifeSaturday, July 19, 2008
10 Points of Green Tea
.. About Green Tea
1. Green tea, consumed throughout the ages in India, China, Japan, and Thailand and used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine
2. Green tea is made from unfermented leaves and contains the highest concentration of polyphenols, chemicals that act as powerful antioxidants
3. The healthful properties of green tea are largely attributed to polyphenols, chemicals with potent antioxidant properties
4. Antioxidants in green tea has the ability to lower total cholesterol and raise HDL ("good") cholesterol
5. Japan, where green tea is regularly consumed tend to have low cancer rates. Polyphenols in green tea helps the prevention of cancer and help kill cancerous cells and stop its progression
6. By drinking green tea, one study found that women were less likely to develop bladder cancer
7. Researchers found that women who consumed the most green tea experienced the least spread of cancer
8. Weight Loss: green tea extract boost metabolism - polyphenols, specifically the catechins, are responsible for the herb's fat-burning effect
9. Green tea has been used traditionally to control blood sugar in the body, prevent the development of type 1 diabetes and slow the progression once it has developed
10. Green tea extracts also stimulate genes that cause cells to be less sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. Due to this potential interaction, green tea should not be taken while receiving chemotherapy
1. Green tea, consumed throughout the ages in India, China, Japan, and Thailand and used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine
2. Green tea is made from unfermented leaves and contains the highest concentration of polyphenols, chemicals that act as powerful antioxidants
3. The healthful properties of green tea are largely attributed to polyphenols, chemicals with potent antioxidant properties
4. Antioxidants in green tea has the ability to lower total cholesterol and raise HDL ("good") cholesterol
5. Japan, where green tea is regularly consumed tend to have low cancer rates. Polyphenols in green tea helps the prevention of cancer and help kill cancerous cells and stop its progression
6. By drinking green tea, one study found that women were less likely to develop bladder cancer
7. Researchers found that women who consumed the most green tea experienced the least spread of cancer
8. Weight Loss: green tea extract boost metabolism - polyphenols, specifically the catechins, are responsible for the herb's fat-burning effect
9. Green tea has been used traditionally to control blood sugar in the body, prevent the development of type 1 diabetes and slow the progression once it has developed
10. Green tea extracts also stimulate genes that cause cells to be less sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. Due to this potential interaction, green tea should not be taken while receiving chemotherapy
10 Point of Yogurt
yogurt
1. Yogurt has long been touted as the ultimate health food, purportedly contributing to better digestion, improved nutrition, reduced cholesterol, and protection from cancer.
2. In scientific studies those who received the bacteria-containing milk demonstrated enhanced immune activity.
3. People who are lactose-intolerant can enjoy yogurt without ill effects, because the lactose in the milk precursor is converted to lactic acid by the bacterial culture
4. One study suggests that eating yogurt containing L. acidophilus helps prevent vulvovaginal candidiasis, though the evidence is not conclusive.
5. The earliest yogurts were probably spontaneously fermented by wild bacteria living on the goat skin bags carried by the Bulgars (or Hunno-Bulgars), a nomadic people
6. yogurt is made by introducing specific bacteria strains into milk, which is subsequently fermented under controlled temperatures and environmental conditions
7. The bacteria ingest natural milk sugars and release lactic acid as a waste product
8. The increased acidity (pH=4–5) also prevents the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria.
9. A small amount of live yogurt can be used to inoculate a new batch of yogurt, as the bacteria reproduce and multiply during fermentation
10. To make yogurt boil then cool milk, add two full table spoons of live yogurt to a half litre of the cooled milk. Incubate at about 45c (+or – 4c) for 8-12 hours, then refrigerate.
1. Yogurt has long been touted as the ultimate health food, purportedly contributing to better digestion, improved nutrition, reduced cholesterol, and protection from cancer.
2. In scientific studies those who received the bacteria-containing milk demonstrated enhanced immune activity.
3. People who are lactose-intolerant can enjoy yogurt without ill effects, because the lactose in the milk precursor is converted to lactic acid by the bacterial culture
4. One study suggests that eating yogurt containing L. acidophilus helps prevent vulvovaginal candidiasis, though the evidence is not conclusive.
5. The earliest yogurts were probably spontaneously fermented by wild bacteria living on the goat skin bags carried by the Bulgars (or Hunno-Bulgars), a nomadic people
6. yogurt is made by introducing specific bacteria strains into milk, which is subsequently fermented under controlled temperatures and environmental conditions
7. The bacteria ingest natural milk sugars and release lactic acid as a waste product
8. The increased acidity (pH=4–5) also prevents the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria.
9. A small amount of live yogurt can be used to inoculate a new batch of yogurt, as the bacteria reproduce and multiply during fermentation
10. To make yogurt boil then cool milk, add two full table spoons of live yogurt to a half litre of the cooled milk. Incubate at about 45c (+or – 4c) for 8-12 hours, then refrigerate.
Friday, July 18, 2008
Worry about GIS Courses?
1. I want to know about this course, including the IIRS-ITC collaboration.
This course is a joint course by Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA), India and International Institute for Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Netherlands. Duration of the course is 18 months, out of which 15 months including 6 months research work is carried out in IIRS and 3 months course work including defending of research proposal should be completed at ITC, Netherlands. The M.Sc. certificate issued will be by ITC and the course record will be issued by IIRS and ITC jointly.
Top
2. What is so special about this course?
In this course basic Geoinformation technology (Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems and Global Positioning System) and application of Geoinformation technology to various hazards in 3 specialisations (Hydro-meteorological / Geological / Environmental) in covered including hands on experience in working with case studies.
Top
3. I’d like to have a good career in RS & GIS, will it be suitable for me?
Yes. A career in RS & GIS technology and its applications is possible with this course.
Top
4. .Who is the target audience of this course? I mean who will find this course quite useful.
This course is useful for mid-career employees in govt. and private sectors, who would like to update their skills in geoinformatics and also acquire addition qualification.
Top
5. I’m already working in a RS/GIS related company. Will it be useful for me?
Yes, to improve your knowledge it is useful for you to update your knowledge with latest technological developments, which will help you to take up more challenging responsibilities in your future endeavors.
Top
6. I’m working in Geology Dept. in Govt sector. Will it be useful to me?
Yes. It will be useful. In this course, the geological disasters which are taught extensively, is earthquakes and landslides, in which several case studies are developed and operational projects are also carried out.
Top
7. What is total cost of this course? I’ve heard it is expensive.
Since this course is organised both at IIRS, India for 15 months and 3 months in ITC, Netherlands, The course fee is to be paid at both places. In IIRS the course fee is Rs. 1,20,000 for 15 months and the fees at ITC is Euro 1250 for 3 months and living expenses in India (approx. Rs. 35000) and in Netherlands (Euro 2100).
Top
8. As this course is expensive, will I be able to get good job placement? Which companies do I have chance to get into?
Yes, You can get a good job placement, depending upon the skills learned by you in using the geoinformation technology in various applications. The probable companies, which will look for you will be Rolta India Ltd., RMSI, Pan India Consultents, Adriatech etc.
Top
9. What’s the module structure of the MSc. course?
Course structure of M. Sc. / Postgraduate Diploma / Certificate courses in Geo-Hazards is given below.
Module
Duration
Masters of Science in Geo-hazards
Post Graduate Diploma in geo-hazards
Certificate Cource in geo-hazards
1
4 Weeks
Basics of Remote Sensing and photogrammetry
2
4 Weeks
Principles of GIS
1 Weeks
Exam Week module 1 & 2
3
3 Weeks
Concepts of Hazards & Risks (1 week) and Thematic Image Interpretation and Analysis (2 weeks) (3 specialisations)
4
3 Weeks
Application of Geoinformatics to Hazards (3 specialisations: Hydro meteorological, Geological, Environment)
5
3 Weeks
Simulation Case Study in three specializations: Hydrometeorological, Geological, Environmental
6
3 Weeks
Advanced GIS (Common module with Geoinformatics course)
7
3 Weeks
Advanced Modelling of Hazard & Risks
8
3 Weeks
Advanced Remote Sensing & Image Processing (Common module with Geoinformatics course)
9
3 Weeks
Research Skill Development (Common module with Geoinformatics course)
Field Work
10
3 Weeks
Application in geoinformation in element at risk mapping and vulnerability
Database finalisation
11
3 Weeks
Research Seminar & Project Planning
Data Analysis
1 Week
Move to ITC and Introduction to ITC
Result analysis, report writing and defence
12 to 15
3 Weeks
Group Research Training (at ITC)
· Natural Hazard & Disaster Management
· Multi Hazard Risk Assessment
· Digital Field work acquition methods
M.Sc. Proposal writing and Presentation
16 to 23
6 months
M.Sc. dissertation
10. Who’ll be awarding this MSc. degree and what is the accreditation of this degree in India?
The M.Sc. degree is awarded by ITC, Netherlands and the accreditation of this course in India is in progress.
Top
11. I’m M.Sc. ( Physics), can I join this course? Are there sufficient seats?
Yes, you can join the course, provided seats are available. But you need to select one of the optional streams such as hydro-meteorological, geological and environmental, based on your interest.
Top
12. Are there any fellowships or scholarships available for this course?
Yes. Several scholarships are available. This course is recognized by NUFFIC in Netherlands for full 18 months period, which includes, travel and living expenses in Netherlands and living expenses in Netherlands. In addition to this, the 4 modules of course work which is mandatory to be attended by the course participants is recognized by NIFFIC as short course for 3 months duration. The sponsored course participants will be eligible to apply through their employer, 3 months before begins. In addition to this module 10 “multi-hazards assessment” at ITC is also recognized as short course by NUFFIC, for which separte application can be sent for funding by only sponsored candidates only.
Top
13. I still need to clarify some technical points whom can I contact at IIRS?
You can contact Programme co-ordinator or course coordinator of this course at IIRS. Contact no.s are 0135 2744518 ext. 2419 or 2418 or by E-mail:Dr. V. Hari Prasad, In-charge, WRD & Programme Co-ordinator, Geo-Hazard courses. (prasad@iirs.gov.in).Mr. I.C. Das, Scientist ‘SE’ & Course co-orindator, Geo-Hazard courses. (icdas@iirs.gov.in)
This course is a joint course by Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA), India and International Institute for Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Netherlands. Duration of the course is 18 months, out of which 15 months including 6 months research work is carried out in IIRS and 3 months course work including defending of research proposal should be completed at ITC, Netherlands. The M.Sc. certificate issued will be by ITC and the course record will be issued by IIRS and ITC jointly.
Top
2. What is so special about this course?
In this course basic Geoinformation technology (Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems and Global Positioning System) and application of Geoinformation technology to various hazards in 3 specialisations (Hydro-meteorological / Geological / Environmental) in covered including hands on experience in working with case studies.
Top
3. I’d like to have a good career in RS & GIS, will it be suitable for me?
Yes. A career in RS & GIS technology and its applications is possible with this course.
Top
4. .Who is the target audience of this course? I mean who will find this course quite useful.
This course is useful for mid-career employees in govt. and private sectors, who would like to update their skills in geoinformatics and also acquire addition qualification.
Top
5. I’m already working in a RS/GIS related company. Will it be useful for me?
Yes, to improve your knowledge it is useful for you to update your knowledge with latest technological developments, which will help you to take up more challenging responsibilities in your future endeavors.
Top
6. I’m working in Geology Dept. in Govt sector. Will it be useful to me?
Yes. It will be useful. In this course, the geological disasters which are taught extensively, is earthquakes and landslides, in which several case studies are developed and operational projects are also carried out.
Top
7. What is total cost of this course? I’ve heard it is expensive.
Since this course is organised both at IIRS, India for 15 months and 3 months in ITC, Netherlands, The course fee is to be paid at both places. In IIRS the course fee is Rs. 1,20,000 for 15 months and the fees at ITC is Euro 1250 for 3 months and living expenses in India (approx. Rs. 35000) and in Netherlands (Euro 2100).
Top
8. As this course is expensive, will I be able to get good job placement? Which companies do I have chance to get into?
Yes, You can get a good job placement, depending upon the skills learned by you in using the geoinformation technology in various applications. The probable companies, which will look for you will be Rolta India Ltd., RMSI, Pan India Consultents, Adriatech etc.
Top
9. What’s the module structure of the MSc. course?
Course structure of M. Sc. / Postgraduate Diploma / Certificate courses in Geo-Hazards is given below.
Module
Duration
Masters of Science in Geo-hazards
Post Graduate Diploma in geo-hazards
Certificate Cource in geo-hazards
1
4 Weeks
Basics of Remote Sensing and photogrammetry
2
4 Weeks
Principles of GIS
1 Weeks
Exam Week module 1 & 2
3
3 Weeks
Concepts of Hazards & Risks (1 week) and Thematic Image Interpretation and Analysis (2 weeks) (3 specialisations)
4
3 Weeks
Application of Geoinformatics to Hazards (3 specialisations: Hydro meteorological, Geological, Environment)
5
3 Weeks
Simulation Case Study in three specializations: Hydrometeorological, Geological, Environmental
6
3 Weeks
Advanced GIS (Common module with Geoinformatics course)
7
3 Weeks
Advanced Modelling of Hazard & Risks
8
3 Weeks
Advanced Remote Sensing & Image Processing (Common module with Geoinformatics course)
9
3 Weeks
Research Skill Development (Common module with Geoinformatics course)
Field Work
10
3 Weeks
Application in geoinformation in element at risk mapping and vulnerability
Database finalisation
11
3 Weeks
Research Seminar & Project Planning
Data Analysis
1 Week
Move to ITC and Introduction to ITC
Result analysis, report writing and defence
12 to 15
3 Weeks
Group Research Training (at ITC)
· Natural Hazard & Disaster Management
· Multi Hazard Risk Assessment
· Digital Field work acquition methods
M.Sc. Proposal writing and Presentation
16 to 23
6 months
M.Sc. dissertation
10. Who’ll be awarding this MSc. degree and what is the accreditation of this degree in India?
The M.Sc. degree is awarded by ITC, Netherlands and the accreditation of this course in India is in progress.
Top
11. I’m M.Sc. ( Physics), can I join this course? Are there sufficient seats?
Yes, you can join the course, provided seats are available. But you need to select one of the optional streams such as hydro-meteorological, geological and environmental, based on your interest.
Top
12. Are there any fellowships or scholarships available for this course?
Yes. Several scholarships are available. This course is recognized by NUFFIC in Netherlands for full 18 months period, which includes, travel and living expenses in Netherlands and living expenses in Netherlands. In addition to this, the 4 modules of course work which is mandatory to be attended by the course participants is recognized by NIFFIC as short course for 3 months duration. The sponsored course participants will be eligible to apply through their employer, 3 months before begins. In addition to this module 10 “multi-hazards assessment” at ITC is also recognized as short course by NUFFIC, for which separte application can be sent for funding by only sponsored candidates only.
Top
13. I still need to clarify some technical points whom can I contact at IIRS?
You can contact Programme co-ordinator or course coordinator of this course at IIRS. Contact no.s are 0135 2744518 ext. 2419 or 2418 or by E-mail:Dr. V. Hari Prasad, In-charge, WRD & Programme Co-ordinator, Geo-Hazard courses. (prasad@iirs.gov.in).Mr. I.C. Das, Scientist ‘SE’ & Course co-orindator, Geo-Hazard courses. (icdas@iirs.gov.in)
GIS Awards
GIS Professional of the year 2001: Dr. Arun K. SarafIn the survey conducted by GIS Development during Map India 2002, Dr. Arun Saraf, Associate Professor at IIT Roorkee was declared "GIS Professional of the year 2001."
GIS hardware companies for the year 2001
Computer Hardware: Hewlett PackardPlotter: Hewlett PackardScanner: VIDAR
GIS software company of the year 2001: ESRI
GPS Company of the year 2001: Leica Geosystems
Image Processing Company of the year 2001: ERDAS
GIS solution provider in 2001: ESRI India
Best Exhibitor Stall at Exhibition Map India 2002: ESRI India
GIS hardware companies for the year 2001
Computer Hardware: Hewlett PackardPlotter: Hewlett PackardScanner: VIDAR
GIS software company of the year 2001: ESRI
GPS Company of the year 2001: Leica Geosystems
Image Processing Company of the year 2001: ERDAS
GIS solution provider in 2001: ESRI India
Best Exhibitor Stall at Exhibition Map India 2002: ESRI India
Wednesday, July 16, 2008
Risk Management
So you have been asked to put together a project risk management plan. No idea where to start. Here is a brief guide to putting together a risk management plan.
Project Risk Management
A risk is something that may happen and if it does, will have an adverse impact on the project. A few points here. "That may happen" implies a probability of less then 100%. If it has a probability of 100% - in other words it will happen - it is an issue. An issue is managed differently to a risk and we will handle issue management in a later white paper. A risk must also have a probability something above 0%. It must be a chance to happen or it is not a risk.
The second thing to consider from the definition is "will have an adverse impact". If it will not have an adverse impact, it is not a risk. Suppose we said a risk was that we would find the project less complicated than we thought, and could finish early. Unless finishing early has an adverse effect on the project, it is not a risk.
Risk Management Plan
There are four stages to risk management planning. They are: ·
Risk Identification
Risks Quantification
Risk Response
Risk Monitoring and Control
Risk Identification
In this stage, we identify and name the risks. The best approach is a workshop with business and IT people to carry out the identification. Use a combination of brainstorming and reviewing of standard risk lists.
There are different sorts of risks and we need to decide on a project by project basis what to do about each type.
Business risks are ongoing risks that are best handled by the business. An example is that if the project cannot meet end of financial year deadline, the business area may need to retain their existing accounting system for another year. The response is likely to be a contingency plan developed by the business, to use the existing system for another year.
Generic risks are risks to all projects. For example the risk that business users might not be available and requirements may be incomplete. Each organisation will develop standard responses to generic risks.
Risks should be defined in two parts. The first is the cause of the situation (Vendor not meeting deadline, Business users not available, etc.). The second part is the impact (Budget will be exceeded, Milestones not achieved, etc.). Hence a risk might be defined as "The vendor not meeting deadline will mean that budget will be exceeded". If this format is used, it is easy to remove duplicates, and understand the risk.
Risk Quantification
Risk need to be quantified in two dimensions. The impact of the risk needs to be assessed. The probability of the risk occurring needs to be assessed. For simplicity, rate each on a 1 to 4 scale. The larger the number, the larger the impact or probability. By using a matrix, a priority can be established.
Note that if probability is high, and impact is low, it is a Medium risk. On the other hand if impact is high, and probability low, it is High priority. A remote chance of a catastrophe warrants more attention than a high chance of a hiccup.
Risk Response
There are four things you can do about a risk. The strategies are:
Avoid the risk. Do something to remove it. Use another supplier for example.
Transfer the risk. Make someone else responsible. Perhaps a Vendor can be made responsible for a particularly risky part of the project.
Mitigate the risk. Take actions to lessen the impact or chance of the risk occurring. If the risk relates to availability of resources, draw up an agreement and get sign-off for the resource to be available.
Accept the risk. The risk might be so small the effort to do anything is not worth while.
A risk response plan should include the strategy and action items to address the strategy. The actions should include what needs to be done, who is doing it, and when it should be completed.
Risk Control
The final step is to continually monitor risks to identify any change in the status, or if they turn into an issue. It is best to hold regular risk reviews to identify actions outstanding, risk probability and impact, remove risks that have passed, and identify new risks.
Summary
Risk management is not a complex task. If you follow the four steps, you can put together a risk management plan for a project in a short space of time. Without a plan, the success of the project, and your reputation as a Project Manager, are on the line. Follow these steps and you will increase your chances of success.
Project Risk Management
A risk is something that may happen and if it does, will have an adverse impact on the project. A few points here. "That may happen" implies a probability of less then 100%. If it has a probability of 100% - in other words it will happen - it is an issue. An issue is managed differently to a risk and we will handle issue management in a later white paper. A risk must also have a probability something above 0%. It must be a chance to happen or it is not a risk.
The second thing to consider from the definition is "will have an adverse impact". If it will not have an adverse impact, it is not a risk. Suppose we said a risk was that we would find the project less complicated than we thought, and could finish early. Unless finishing early has an adverse effect on the project, it is not a risk.
Risk Management Plan
There are four stages to risk management planning. They are: ·
Risk Identification
Risks Quantification
Risk Response
Risk Monitoring and Control
Risk Identification
In this stage, we identify and name the risks. The best approach is a workshop with business and IT people to carry out the identification. Use a combination of brainstorming and reviewing of standard risk lists.
There are different sorts of risks and we need to decide on a project by project basis what to do about each type.
Business risks are ongoing risks that are best handled by the business. An example is that if the project cannot meet end of financial year deadline, the business area may need to retain their existing accounting system for another year. The response is likely to be a contingency plan developed by the business, to use the existing system for another year.
Generic risks are risks to all projects. For example the risk that business users might not be available and requirements may be incomplete. Each organisation will develop standard responses to generic risks.
Risks should be defined in two parts. The first is the cause of the situation (Vendor not meeting deadline, Business users not available, etc.). The second part is the impact (Budget will be exceeded, Milestones not achieved, etc.). Hence a risk might be defined as "The vendor not meeting deadline will mean that budget will be exceeded". If this format is used, it is easy to remove duplicates, and understand the risk.
Risk Quantification
Risk need to be quantified in two dimensions. The impact of the risk needs to be assessed. The probability of the risk occurring needs to be assessed. For simplicity, rate each on a 1 to 4 scale. The larger the number, the larger the impact or probability. By using a matrix, a priority can be established.
Note that if probability is high, and impact is low, it is a Medium risk. On the other hand if impact is high, and probability low, it is High priority. A remote chance of a catastrophe warrants more attention than a high chance of a hiccup.
Risk Response
There are four things you can do about a risk. The strategies are:
Avoid the risk. Do something to remove it. Use another supplier for example.
Transfer the risk. Make someone else responsible. Perhaps a Vendor can be made responsible for a particularly risky part of the project.
Mitigate the risk. Take actions to lessen the impact or chance of the risk occurring. If the risk relates to availability of resources, draw up an agreement and get sign-off for the resource to be available.
Accept the risk. The risk might be so small the effort to do anything is not worth while.
A risk response plan should include the strategy and action items to address the strategy. The actions should include what needs to be done, who is doing it, and when it should be completed.
Risk Control
The final step is to continually monitor risks to identify any change in the status, or if they turn into an issue. It is best to hold regular risk reviews to identify actions outstanding, risk probability and impact, remove risks that have passed, and identify new risks.
Summary
Risk management is not a complex task. If you follow the four steps, you can put together a risk management plan for a project in a short space of time. Without a plan, the success of the project, and your reputation as a Project Manager, are on the line. Follow these steps and you will increase your chances of success.
Tuesday, July 15, 2008
How to Exercise Your Eyes
How to Exercise Your Eyes
We all know how important it is to keep our bodies fit by doing things like going to the gym, jogging, and swimming. But, did you know that you can exercise your eyes as well? Eye exercising will keep your eyes healthy and help minimize eyestrain.
[edit] Steps
Sit comfortably on a chair. Rub your hands together until they feel warm. Close your eyes and cover them lightly with your cupped palms. Avoid applying pressure on your eyeballs. Place your palms so that the nose remains uncovered, and the eyes remain behind the slight hollow of the palms. Make sure that no light rays enter the eyes, and leave no gaps between fingers or between the edge of the palms and the nose. You may still see other lingering traces of colors. Imagine deep blackness and focus on the blackness. Take deep breaths slowly and evenly, while thinking of some happy incident; or visualize a distant scene. After your eyes see nothing but blackness, remove your palms from your eyes. Repeat the palming for 3 minutes or more.
Close your eyes tightly for 3-5 seconds, then open them for 3-5 seconds. Repeat this 7 or 8 times.
Close your eyes and massage them with circular movements of your fingers for 1-2 minutes. Make sure you press very lightly; otherwise, you could hurt your eyes.
Press three fingers of each hand against your upper eyelids, and hold them there for 1-2 seconds, then release. Repeat 5 times.
Sit and relax. Roll your eyes clockwise, then counter-clockwise. Repeat 5 times, and blink in between each time.
Sit about 6 inches (200 mm) from the window. Make a mark on the glass at your eye level (a small sticker, black or red, would be perfect). Look through this mark and focus on something far away for 10-15 seconds; then focus on the mark again.
Hold a pencil in front of you at arm's length. Move your arm slowly to your nose, and follow the pencil with your eyes until you can keep it in focus. Repeat 10 times.
Look in front of you at the opposite wall and pretend that you are writing with your eyes, without turning your head. It may seem difficult at first, but with a bit of practice it is really fun. The bigger the letters, the better the effect.
Imagine that you are standing in front of a really big clock. Look at the middle of the clock. Then look at any hour mark, without turning your head. Look back at the center. Then look at another hour mark. Do this at least 12 times. You can also do this exercise with your eyes closed.
Focus on a distant object (over 150 feet or 50 m away) for several seconds and slowly refocus your eyes on a nearby object (less than 30 feet or 10 m away) that's in the same direction. Focus for several seconds and go back to the distant object. Do this 5 times.
Focus on an object in the distance (as far as possible) with a low contrasting background. Do this for a few minutes every half hour or so. This does not improve your vision, nor does any other technique. It can, however, maintain your best eyesight level during the day and prevent significant further vision deterioration.
[edit] Tips
It's more important to do the exercises regularly than to do them for a long time. Even 30-60 seconds of eye movement every hour is very helpful. For example, when your computer takes its sweet time to do something, most people just swear at the poor thing and waste the time, but you can make a few circles with your eyes. Even the first day you do this, you should notice that, when you finish working, your eyes aren't as tired as usual.
Taking short breaks from near work (e.g. staring at a computer monitor) to stare out to the distance also relieves some strain.
Palming is a good method to help your eyes feel better. You close your eyes and put you palms over them, this will rest your eyes.
Blink the eyes many times.
Splash your eyes with cold water repeatedly when feasible, and especially when your eyes are strained.
[edit] Warnings
Consult your optometrist (eye doctor) before doing any of these exercises. The last thing you want to do is add further strain to your eyes, or damage them permanently.
When doing these exercises, make sure that you're not facing anybody, or that they know you're doing eye exercises. Otherwise they might think you've gone nuts.
Extensive peer reviewed research has shown that visual clarity is not improved by exercise. Some people have weakness in the ability to turn their eye in or out. You may have esotropia (eye naturally turned in) or exotropia (eye naturally turned out). Exercise may help these conditions.
Doing these exercises when you wear contacts may cause them to suction to your eyeball. They might also move around and possibly become folded and/or dislodged, which can be extremely uncomfortable as well.
Do not apply pressure on your eyes.
Wash your hands before doing these exercises to avoid getting irritants in your eye.
[edit] Things You'll Need
Pencil
Eyes
We all know how important it is to keep our bodies fit by doing things like going to the gym, jogging, and swimming. But, did you know that you can exercise your eyes as well? Eye exercising will keep your eyes healthy and help minimize eyestrain.
[edit] Steps
Sit comfortably on a chair. Rub your hands together until they feel warm. Close your eyes and cover them lightly with your cupped palms. Avoid applying pressure on your eyeballs. Place your palms so that the nose remains uncovered, and the eyes remain behind the slight hollow of the palms. Make sure that no light rays enter the eyes, and leave no gaps between fingers or between the edge of the palms and the nose. You may still see other lingering traces of colors. Imagine deep blackness and focus on the blackness. Take deep breaths slowly and evenly, while thinking of some happy incident; or visualize a distant scene. After your eyes see nothing but blackness, remove your palms from your eyes. Repeat the palming for 3 minutes or more.
Close your eyes tightly for 3-5 seconds, then open them for 3-5 seconds. Repeat this 7 or 8 times.
Close your eyes and massage them with circular movements of your fingers for 1-2 minutes. Make sure you press very lightly; otherwise, you could hurt your eyes.
Press three fingers of each hand against your upper eyelids, and hold them there for 1-2 seconds, then release. Repeat 5 times.
Sit and relax. Roll your eyes clockwise, then counter-clockwise. Repeat 5 times, and blink in between each time.
Sit about 6 inches (200 mm) from the window. Make a mark on the glass at your eye level (a small sticker, black or red, would be perfect). Look through this mark and focus on something far away for 10-15 seconds; then focus on the mark again.
Hold a pencil in front of you at arm's length. Move your arm slowly to your nose, and follow the pencil with your eyes until you can keep it in focus. Repeat 10 times.
Look in front of you at the opposite wall and pretend that you are writing with your eyes, without turning your head. It may seem difficult at first, but with a bit of practice it is really fun. The bigger the letters, the better the effect.
Imagine that you are standing in front of a really big clock. Look at the middle of the clock. Then look at any hour mark, without turning your head. Look back at the center. Then look at another hour mark. Do this at least 12 times. You can also do this exercise with your eyes closed.
Focus on a distant object (over 150 feet or 50 m away) for several seconds and slowly refocus your eyes on a nearby object (less than 30 feet or 10 m away) that's in the same direction. Focus for several seconds and go back to the distant object. Do this 5 times.
Focus on an object in the distance (as far as possible) with a low contrasting background. Do this for a few minutes every half hour or so. This does not improve your vision, nor does any other technique. It can, however, maintain your best eyesight level during the day and prevent significant further vision deterioration.
[edit] Tips
It's more important to do the exercises regularly than to do them for a long time. Even 30-60 seconds of eye movement every hour is very helpful. For example, when your computer takes its sweet time to do something, most people just swear at the poor thing and waste the time, but you can make a few circles with your eyes. Even the first day you do this, you should notice that, when you finish working, your eyes aren't as tired as usual.
Taking short breaks from near work (e.g. staring at a computer monitor) to stare out to the distance also relieves some strain.
Palming is a good method to help your eyes feel better. You close your eyes and put you palms over them, this will rest your eyes.
Blink the eyes many times.
Splash your eyes with cold water repeatedly when feasible, and especially when your eyes are strained.
[edit] Warnings
Consult your optometrist (eye doctor) before doing any of these exercises. The last thing you want to do is add further strain to your eyes, or damage them permanently.
When doing these exercises, make sure that you're not facing anybody, or that they know you're doing eye exercises. Otherwise they might think you've gone nuts.
Extensive peer reviewed research has shown that visual clarity is not improved by exercise. Some people have weakness in the ability to turn their eye in or out. You may have esotropia (eye naturally turned in) or exotropia (eye naturally turned out). Exercise may help these conditions.
Doing these exercises when you wear contacts may cause them to suction to your eyeball. They might also move around and possibly become folded and/or dislodged, which can be extremely uncomfortable as well.
Do not apply pressure on your eyes.
Wash your hands before doing these exercises to avoid getting irritants in your eye.
[edit] Things You'll Need
Pencil
Eyes
Unknown Facts About Your Mobile
1) Emergency numberThe Emergency Number worldwide for Mobile is 112. Ifyou find yourself out of coverage area of yourmobile network and there is an emergency, dial 112and the mobile will search any existing network to establish theemergency number for you, and interestingly ...this number 112 can be dialed evenwhile the keypad is locked. Try it out.2) Locked the keys in the car? Your car has remotekeys?This may come in handy someday. Good reason to own acell phone: If you happen to lock your keys in the car and the sparekeys are home, call someone on your cell phone. Hold your cell phoneabout a foot from your car door and have the other person at your home pressthe unlock button, holding it near the phone on their end. Your carwill unlock.Saves someone from having to drive your keys to you.Distance is no object. You could be hundreds of miles away, and if you canreach someone who has the other "remote" for your car, you can unlock thedoors (or the trunk).Editor's Note: *It works fine! We tried it out andit unlocked our car over a cell phone!"3) Hidden Battery powerImagine your cell battery is very low, u r expecting an importantcall and u don't have a charger. Nokia instrument comes witha reserve battery. To activate, press the keys *3370#Your cell will restart with this reserve and the instrument will showa 50% increase in battery. This reserve will get chargedwhen u charge your cell next time.
Monday, July 14, 2008
How to make your smile more attractive
Ever look at the opposite (or even the same) sex, they give you a really warm and nice-looking smile and you get a really good feeling about that person - whether it’s that you’re on the same wavelength, you’re attracted to them or you just want to go over and make conversation?
A nice looking smile is an important aspect of non-verbal communication. A smile is the center of giving thanks, showing appreciation, accepting a deal, falling in love, making small talk and exhibiting inner happiness. I find that when I am naturally happy, grateful for all that I am and have, I smile more realistically than when I just smile for the sake of it.
As science has revealed, there are natural ways to increase the quality of your smile. Here are five ways you can have a warm, nicer looking and much more attractive smile:
1. Brush your teeth properly. Many people restrict their smile because they’re ashamed at the quality of their teeth. Make sure you give your teeth the time necessary to keep bacteria and plaque away. One lady I recently made gave me one of the most amazing smiles I’ve ever seen. I asked her how she smiled so nicely. She told me that as she takes care and time in brushing her teeth, she has nothing to worry about how she looks. (By the way, asking how a lady smiles so well - good or bad pickup line?)
2. Avoid snacking. Snacks that are high in sugar and carbs are worse as they can attack your teeth using the acid for as long as 20 minuts. Bacteria feed on the sugar and may start to grow on your teeth and gums. These include simple sugars in fruits, breads and vegetables. So ensure you time your eating with cleaning your teeth.
3. Drink plenty water. The most prominent feature when it comes to your overall health is always about water. Water will ensure your body has plenty fluid and doesn’t suffer from internal dehydration allowing your skin and lips to look smooth and sensational. Also, by drinking lots of water, you’ll prevent getting bad breath.
4. Straight teeth. We’re talking about a good smile here so I’ve got to write about teeth. Having straight teeth is an important facet of beautiful smiling. If you haven’t got straight teeth, do your best to get some by seeing a dentist/orthodontist and the effort you put in now will be great for future years. A more faster approach but more costly is cosmetic dentistry.
5. Live a healthy lifestyle. The most beautiful smile shines from within. Working out, eating right and practicing good overall hygiene will not only promote healthy teeth and gums, it will make you feel good about yourself. Your self-confidence and positive energy will radiate out of your expression’s most important asset - your beautiful smile.
HAIR CARE · DIET & HEALTHY HAIR
HAIR CARE · DIET & HEALTHY HAIR
Eat your way to beautiful, healthy hair. Just like your body, your hair also needs a balanced diet to stay healthy.
Diet solution for dry and brittle hair:
If your hair is dry and breaks easily, it is probably a lack of essential fatty acids. By including plenty of good sources of essential fatty acids in your diet you can give your hair back its strength and lustre.
You can find these essential fatty acids in oily fish such as tuna, sardines, trout, salmon, herrings and mackeral. Also in seeds, nuts, olives and avocados. You should try to eat four servings of oily fish a week.
Sprinkling flaxseed oil and pumpkin seeds over your morning cereal is another great way to get these much needed essential fatty acids in your diet.
To keep your hair well hydrated, be sure to drink six to eight 8-ounce glasses of water ever day!
Another nutrient important for hair strength and growth is trace mineral silica. Silica is vital to the strength of hair, and can stop hair breakage, unfortunately many of the foods we eat in the western world lack this mineral. Through food processing and chemical soil treatments, trace minerals are rare in our diets.
When possible, always choose organic produce. Foods that a rich in silica are rice, oats, lettuce, parsnips, asparagus, onion, strawberry, cabbage, cucumber, leek, sunflower seeds, celery, rhubarb, cauliflower and green, leafy vegetables.
Diet solution for greasy and lanky hair:
A lack of vitamin B in ones diet can lead to oily, greasy hair. To fight off greasy hair, be sure to eat lots of whole grains, nuts, seeds, dairy products, eggs, wheatgrem, legumes and green, leafy vegetables. These are all great sources of B-complex vitamins.
Also steer clear of oily foods where possible.
Diet solution for hair starting to turn grey:
Although the link between premature greying and diet hasn't been established, evidence does suggest the amino acid tyrosine - which acts as a precursor to color producing pigments in the hair and skin - can help!
Diet solution for hair that is starting to thin and fall out:
Thinning hair or hair loss may be a sign of iron deficiency. Be sure to eat plenty of iron rich foods, such as red meat, eggs, legumes, wholegrain cereals, dried fruits and green, leafy vegetables.
Since hair is composed mostly of protein, your hair will most likely respond well to the addition of high protein foods such as meats, eggs, cheese, seeds and nuts. These protein-rich foods can help reinforce the hair follicles and prevents the hair from falling out.
There is some evidence suggesting soya protein helps stimulate growth, so switch to soy milk and include some tofu, miso and soy beans in your diet.
Vitamin E is found in green, leafy vegetables, nuts and grains and can also help hair loss. Hair loss can also be a sign of thyroid dysfunction. To stimulate the thyroid gland, eat foods rich in iodine such as seafood and kelp.
Also including iron and B vitamins in your diet will help. Stick to a diet rich in antioxidants - fruit, vegetables and tea - to help slow the ageing process in general.
Foods, Vitamins and supplements to help hair growth
Hair is mostly protein, so nutritionists advise those wanting healthy hair to eat well balanced diets that include healthy proteins, along with foods high in vitamin B, C, E, A and K.
Your hair will most likely respond well to the addition of high protein foods such as meats, eggs, cheese, seeds and nuts. Fish has good protein as well as essential fatty acids and natural oils.
Vitamin B - Green vegetables, beans, sunflower seeds, nuts and peas.
Vitamin C - Citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, limes, melons and berries.
Vitamin E - Avocados, rice bran, nuts, dark green vegetables, legumes and whole grains.
Vitamin A - Carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, broccoli, cantaloupe and apricots.
Vitamin K - Seafood, dairy, figs, asparagus, broccoli, lettuce, brussel sprouts, cabbage, dark green leafy vegetables, oatmeal, soybeans, wheat, yoghurt, egg yolks and liver.
Eat your way to beautiful, healthy hair. Just like your body, your hair also needs a balanced diet to stay healthy.
Diet solution for dry and brittle hair:
If your hair is dry and breaks easily, it is probably a lack of essential fatty acids. By including plenty of good sources of essential fatty acids in your diet you can give your hair back its strength and lustre.
You can find these essential fatty acids in oily fish such as tuna, sardines, trout, salmon, herrings and mackeral. Also in seeds, nuts, olives and avocados. You should try to eat four servings of oily fish a week.
Sprinkling flaxseed oil and pumpkin seeds over your morning cereal is another great way to get these much needed essential fatty acids in your diet.
To keep your hair well hydrated, be sure to drink six to eight 8-ounce glasses of water ever day!
Another nutrient important for hair strength and growth is trace mineral silica. Silica is vital to the strength of hair, and can stop hair breakage, unfortunately many of the foods we eat in the western world lack this mineral. Through food processing and chemical soil treatments, trace minerals are rare in our diets.
When possible, always choose organic produce. Foods that a rich in silica are rice, oats, lettuce, parsnips, asparagus, onion, strawberry, cabbage, cucumber, leek, sunflower seeds, celery, rhubarb, cauliflower and green, leafy vegetables.
Diet solution for greasy and lanky hair:
A lack of vitamin B in ones diet can lead to oily, greasy hair. To fight off greasy hair, be sure to eat lots of whole grains, nuts, seeds, dairy products, eggs, wheatgrem, legumes and green, leafy vegetables. These are all great sources of B-complex vitamins.
Also steer clear of oily foods where possible.
Diet solution for hair starting to turn grey:
Although the link between premature greying and diet hasn't been established, evidence does suggest the amino acid tyrosine - which acts as a precursor to color producing pigments in the hair and skin - can help!
Diet solution for hair that is starting to thin and fall out:
Thinning hair or hair loss may be a sign of iron deficiency. Be sure to eat plenty of iron rich foods, such as red meat, eggs, legumes, wholegrain cereals, dried fruits and green, leafy vegetables.
Since hair is composed mostly of protein, your hair will most likely respond well to the addition of high protein foods such as meats, eggs, cheese, seeds and nuts. These protein-rich foods can help reinforce the hair follicles and prevents the hair from falling out.
There is some evidence suggesting soya protein helps stimulate growth, so switch to soy milk and include some tofu, miso and soy beans in your diet.
Vitamin E is found in green, leafy vegetables, nuts and grains and can also help hair loss. Hair loss can also be a sign of thyroid dysfunction. To stimulate the thyroid gland, eat foods rich in iodine such as seafood and kelp.
Also including iron and B vitamins in your diet will help. Stick to a diet rich in antioxidants - fruit, vegetables and tea - to help slow the ageing process in general.
Foods, Vitamins and supplements to help hair growth
Hair is mostly protein, so nutritionists advise those wanting healthy hair to eat well balanced diets that include healthy proteins, along with foods high in vitamin B, C, E, A and K.
Your hair will most likely respond well to the addition of high protein foods such as meats, eggs, cheese, seeds and nuts. Fish has good protein as well as essential fatty acids and natural oils.
Vitamin B - Green vegetables, beans, sunflower seeds, nuts and peas.
Vitamin C - Citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, limes, melons and berries.
Vitamin E - Avocados, rice bran, nuts, dark green vegetables, legumes and whole grains.
Vitamin A - Carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, broccoli, cantaloupe and apricots.
Vitamin K - Seafood, dairy, figs, asparagus, broccoli, lettuce, brussel sprouts, cabbage, dark green leafy vegetables, oatmeal, soybeans, wheat, yoghurt, egg yolks and liver.
Thursday, July 10, 2008
Winow XP Audio Drivers Problems
Dear all
Are you really worried about Windod Vista and trying to move on Window XP and if you face problem loading drivers of Audio vedio and networks.
So the best solution is to talk with HP Contact they will give you the complete information regading this problem.
i also faced this problem and talked following chats may help you to resolve drivers issue.
Victor: Hello Manoj.
Victor: Welcome to HP Total Care Chat Support. My name is Victor. How may I assist you today?
Manoj Singh: hi victor
Manoj Singh: i had winow vista installed in my HP laptop
Victor: Okay, please go on.
Manoj Singh: but now i have format the laptop and now installed winodow xp professional
Manoj Singh: but i am unable to hear the voice
Manoj Singh: can you give me the audio driver?
Victor: HP does not recommend downgrading the Operating System. We support only the pre-installed Operating System. However, let me see how I can help you with this.
Victor: To provide the driver link for audio, may I have the Serial and Product Number of the Notebook under discussion?
Manoj Singh: wait a second
Victor: Sure.
Manoj Singh: Serial No - CNF7304980
Manoj Singh: Product No - GA384UA#ABA
Victor: Thank you for the serial and product number.
Victor: Could you please confirm the processor of the Notebook ? Is it Intel or AMD ?
Manoj Singh: Intel
Victor: Before installing Audio driver you need to install UAA driver from the following link : ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp33501-34000/sp33867.exe
Victor: Note: To see changes we need to restart the notebook after the installation of this Update.
Victor: After installing this, download and install the Conexant High Definition Audio Driver from the following link:
ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp34001-34500/sp34200.exe
Victor: This will create a swsetup folder in C drive ("C:\swsetup\sp34200")
Victor: Installing this driver may result in an error. But continue with the following steps to get the audio driver installed correctly.
Victor: 1. Click on Start and select Run. Now type devmgmt.msc and press enter.
Victor: 2. Right click on "Audio device on High Definition Audio Bus" and click Update driver.
Victor: 3. Select "Install from a list or specific location" .
Victor: 4. Click Next. Then select "Don't search, I will choose the driver to install" .
Victor: 5. Click Next and then select "Sound, video and game controller" from the list.
Victor: 6. Click Next and then click Have Disk.
Victor: 7. Click Browse C:\swsetup\sp34200 folder and select the .inf (wis30b2a) file and click open and Continue with the onscreen instructions.
Victor: Am I clear with the instructions ?
Manoj Singh: Yes you are.
Victor: This should resolve the issue.
Manoj Singh: will this process is sufficient for audio drivers
Victor: Would there be anything else I may assist you with today ?
Victor: Yes.
Manoj Singh: Thank you victor i am doing this if i face any problem i will call again
Manoj Singh: By the way thank you so much for consideration of my problem
Victor: My pleasure!
Manoj Singh: have a great day buddy
Victor: Thank you for using HP Total Care and giving us an opportunity to serve you through Chat Support.
Victor: Bye and take care!!!
Are you really worried about Windod Vista and trying to move on Window XP and if you face problem loading drivers of Audio vedio and networks.
So the best solution is to talk with HP Contact they will give you the complete information regading this problem.
i also faced this problem and talked following chats may help you to resolve drivers issue.
Victor: Hello Manoj.
Victor: Welcome to HP Total Care Chat Support. My name is Victor. How may I assist you today?
Manoj Singh: hi victor
Manoj Singh: i had winow vista installed in my HP laptop
Victor: Okay, please go on.
Manoj Singh: but now i have format the laptop and now installed winodow xp professional
Manoj Singh: but i am unable to hear the voice
Manoj Singh: can you give me the audio driver?
Victor: HP does not recommend downgrading the Operating System. We support only the pre-installed Operating System. However, let me see how I can help you with this.
Victor: To provide the driver link for audio, may I have the Serial and Product Number of the Notebook under discussion?
Manoj Singh: wait a second
Victor: Sure.
Manoj Singh: Serial No - CNF7304980
Manoj Singh: Product No - GA384UA#ABA
Victor: Thank you for the serial and product number.
Victor: Could you please confirm the processor of the Notebook ? Is it Intel or AMD ?
Manoj Singh: Intel
Victor: Before installing Audio driver you need to install UAA driver from the following link : ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp33501-34000/sp33867.exe
Victor: Note: To see changes we need to restart the notebook after the installation of this Update.
Victor: After installing this, download and install the Conexant High Definition Audio Driver from the following link:
ftp://ftp.hp.com/pub/softpaq/sp34001-34500/sp34200.exe
Victor: This will create a swsetup folder in C drive ("C:\swsetup\sp34200")
Victor: Installing this driver may result in an error. But continue with the following steps to get the audio driver installed correctly.
Victor: 1. Click on Start and select Run. Now type devmgmt.msc and press enter.
Victor: 2. Right click on "Audio device on High Definition Audio Bus" and click Update driver.
Victor: 3. Select "Install from a list or specific location" .
Victor: 4. Click Next. Then select "Don't search, I will choose the driver to install" .
Victor: 5. Click Next and then select "Sound, video and game controller" from the list.
Victor: 6. Click Next and then click Have Disk.
Victor: 7. Click Browse C:\swsetup\sp34200 folder and select the .inf (wis30b2a) file and click open and Continue with the onscreen instructions.
Victor: Am I clear with the instructions ?
Manoj Singh: Yes you are.
Victor: This should resolve the issue.
Manoj Singh: will this process is sufficient for audio drivers
Victor: Would there be anything else I may assist you with today ?
Victor: Yes.
Manoj Singh: Thank you victor i am doing this if i face any problem i will call again
Manoj Singh: By the way thank you so much for consideration of my problem
Victor: My pleasure!
Manoj Singh: have a great day buddy
Victor: Thank you for using HP Total Care and giving us an opportunity to serve you through Chat Support.
Victor: Bye and take care!!!
Tuesday, July 1, 2008
Human Body Unknown Facts
1. The stomach’s digestive acids are strong enough to dissolve zinc. Fortunately for us, the cells in the stomach lining renew so quickly that the acids don’t have time to dissolve it.
2. The lungs contain over 300,000 million capillaries (tiny blood vessels). If they were laid end to end, they would stretch 2400km (1500 miles).
3. A man’s testicles manufacture 10 million new sperm cells each day - enough that he could repopulate the entire planet in only 6 months!
4. Human bone is as strong as granite in supporting weight. A block of bone the size of a matchbox can support 9 tonnes - that is four times as much as concrete can support.
5. Each finger and toenail takes six months to grow from base to tip.
6. The largest organ in the body is the skin. In an adult man it covers about 1.9m2 (20sq ft). The skin constantly flakes away - in a lifetime each person sheds around 18kg (40 lb) of skin.
7. When you sleep, you grow by about 8mm (0.3in). The next day you shrink back to your former height. The reason is that your cartilage discs are squeezed like sponges by the force of gravity when you stand or sit.
8. The average person in the west eats 50 tonnes of food and drinks 50,000 litres (11,000 gallons) of liquid during his life.
9. Each kidney contains 1 million individual filters. They filter an average of around 1.3 litres (2.2 pints) of blood per minute and expel up to 1.4 litres (2.5 pints) a day of urine.
10. The focusing muscles of the eyes move around 100,000 times a day. To give your leg muscles the same workout, you would need to walk 80km (50 miles) every day.
11. In 30 minutes, the average body gives off enough heat (combined) to bring a half gallon of water to boil.
12. A single human blood cell takes only 60 seconds to make a complete circuit of the body.
13. A foreskin, the size of a postage stamp, from circumcised babies take only 21 days to grow skin that can cover three (3) basketball courts. Amazing isn’t it. Thanks to science. The laboratory-grown skin is used in treating burn patients.
14. The eyes receive approximately 90 percent of all our information, making us basically visual creatures.
15. The female ovaries contain nearly half-a-million egg cells, yet only 400 or so will ever get the opportunity to create a new life.
2. The lungs contain over 300,000 million capillaries (tiny blood vessels). If they were laid end to end, they would stretch 2400km (1500 miles).
3. A man’s testicles manufacture 10 million new sperm cells each day - enough that he could repopulate the entire planet in only 6 months!
4. Human bone is as strong as granite in supporting weight. A block of bone the size of a matchbox can support 9 tonnes - that is four times as much as concrete can support.
5. Each finger and toenail takes six months to grow from base to tip.
6. The largest organ in the body is the skin. In an adult man it covers about 1.9m2 (20sq ft). The skin constantly flakes away - in a lifetime each person sheds around 18kg (40 lb) of skin.
7. When you sleep, you grow by about 8mm (0.3in). The next day you shrink back to your former height. The reason is that your cartilage discs are squeezed like sponges by the force of gravity when you stand or sit.
8. The average person in the west eats 50 tonnes of food and drinks 50,000 litres (11,000 gallons) of liquid during his life.
9. Each kidney contains 1 million individual filters. They filter an average of around 1.3 litres (2.2 pints) of blood per minute and expel up to 1.4 litres (2.5 pints) a day of urine.
10. The focusing muscles of the eyes move around 100,000 times a day. To give your leg muscles the same workout, you would need to walk 80km (50 miles) every day.
11. In 30 minutes, the average body gives off enough heat (combined) to bring a half gallon of water to boil.
12. A single human blood cell takes only 60 seconds to make a complete circuit of the body.
13. A foreskin, the size of a postage stamp, from circumcised babies take only 21 days to grow skin that can cover three (3) basketball courts. Amazing isn’t it. Thanks to science. The laboratory-grown skin is used in treating burn patients.
14. The eyes receive approximately 90 percent of all our information, making us basically visual creatures.
15. The female ovaries contain nearly half-a-million egg cells, yet only 400 or so will ever get the opportunity to create a new life.
Monday, June 23, 2008
7 reasons the world will end in 2012
Scientific experts from around the world are genuinely predicting that five years from now, all life on Earth could well finish. Some are saying it'll be humans that set it off. Others believe that a natural phenomenon will be the cause. And the religious folks are saying it'll be God himself who presses the stop button...1. Mayan CalendarThe first mob to predict 2012 as the end of the world were the Mayans, a bloodthirsty race that were good at two things:Building highly accurate astrological equipment out of stone andSacrificing Virgins.Thousands of years ago they managed to calculate the length of the lunar moon as 329.53020 days, only 34 seconds out. The Mayan calendar predicts that the Earth will end on December 21, 2012. Given that they were pretty close to the mark with the lunar cycle, it's likely they've got the end of the world right as well.2. Sun StormsSolar experts from around the world monitoring the sun have made a startling discovery: our sun is in a bit of strife. The energy output of the sun is, like most things in nature, cyclic, and it's supposed to be in the middle of a period of relative stability. However, recent solar storms have been bombarding the Earth with so much radiation energy, it's been knocking out power grids and destroying satellites. This activity is predicted to get worse, and calculations suggest it'll reach its deadly peak sometime in 20123. The Atom SmasherScientists in Europe have been building the world's largest particle accelerator. Basically its a 27km tunnel designed to smash atoms together to find out what makes the Universe tick. However, the mega-gadget has caused serious concern, with some scientists suggesting that it's properly even a bad idea to turn it on in the first place. They're predicting all manner of deadly results, including mini black holes. So when this machine is fired up for its first serious experiment in 2012, the world could be crushed into a super-dense blob the size of a basketball.4. The Bible says...If having scientists warning us about the end of the world isn't bad enough,religious folks are getting in on the act aswell. Interpretations of the Christian Bible reveal that the date for Armageddon, the final battle between Good an Evil, has been set down for 2012. The I Ching, also known as the Chinese book of Changes, says the same thing, as do various sections of the Hindu teachings.5. Super VolcanoYellowstone National Park in the United States is famous for its thermal springs and Old Faithful geyser. The reason for this is simple - it's sitting on top of the world's biggest volcano, and geological experts are beginning to get nervous sweats. The Yellowstone volcano has a pattern of erupting every 650,000 years or so, and we're many years overdue for an explosion that will fill the atmosphere with ash, blocking the sun and plunging the Earth into a frozen winter that could last up to 15,000 years. The pressure under the Yellowstone is building steadily, and geologists have set 2012 as a likely date for the big bang.6. The PhysicistsThis one's case of bog-simple maths mathematics. Physicists at Berekely Uni have been crunching the numbers. and they've determined that the Earth is well overdue for a major catastrophic event. Even worse, they're claiming their calculations prove, that we're all going to die, very soon - while also saying their prediction comes with a certainty of 99 percent- and 2012 just happens to be the best guess as to when it occurs.7. Slip-Slop-Slap-BANG!We all know the Earth is surrounded by a magnetic field that sheilds us from most of the sun's radiation. What you might not know is that the magnetic poles we call north and south have a nasty habit of swapping places every 750,000 years or so - and right now we're about 30,000 years overdue. Scientists have noted that the poles are drifting apart roughly 20-30kms each year, much faster than ever before, which points to a pole-shift being right around the corner. While the pole shift is underway, the magnetic field is disrupted and will eventually disappear, sometimes for up to 100 years. The result is enough UV outdoors to crisp your skin in seconds, killing everything it touches.
Shadi ke Do Shabd
I have always considered marriage as the most interesting event of one's life, the foundation of happiness or misery.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Burwell Bassett, May 23, 1785
Marriage is popular because it combines the maximum of temptation with the maximum of opportunity.
GEORGE BERNARD SHAW, Maxims for Revolutionists
Marriage is for woman the commonest mode of livelihood, and the total amount of undesired sex endured by women is probably greater in marriage than in prostitution.
BERTRAND RUSSELL, Marriage and Morals
Getting married is like permanently grafting your hand to the cookie jar. No matter how sweet those cookies may taste, you can't help but wonder what would have happened if you'd chosen some other dessert--brownies, for instance ... or frozen yogurt ... or maybe chocolate strudel.
JEROME P. CRABB, Marriage Quotes and Quibbles
Love, the strongest and deepest element in all life, the harbinger of hope, of joy, of ecstasy; love, the defier of all laws, of all conventions; love, the freest, the most powerful molder of human destiny; how can such an all-compelling force be synonymous with that poor little State- and Church-begotten weed, marriage?
EMMA GOLDMAN, Anarchism and Other Essays
Wives are young men's mistresses, companions for middle age, and old men's nurses.
FRANCIS BACON, Essays
To make a happy fire-side clime
To weans and wife,
That's the true pathos and sublime
Of human life.
ROBERT BURNS, To Dr. Blacklock
Let men tremble to win the hand of woman, unless they win along with it the utmost passion of her heart.
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, The Scarlet Letter
When a match has equal partners, then I fear not.
AESCHYLUS, Prometheus Bound
Those marriages generally abound most with love and constancy that are preceded by a long courtship.
JOSEPH ADDISON, The Spectator, Dec. 29, 1711
A lady's imagination is very rapid; it jumps from admiration to love, from love to matrimony in a moment.
JANE AUSTEN, Pride and Prejudice
A man doesn't know what happiness is until he's married. By then it's too late.
FRANK SINATRA, The Joker Is Wild
Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. If the dispositions of the parties are ever so well known to each other or ever so similar beforehand, it does not advance their felicity in the least. They always continue to grow sufficiently unlike afterwards to have their share of vexation; and it is better to know as little as possible of the defects of the person with whom you are to pass your life.
JANE AUSTEN, Pride and Prejudice
Marriage, n. The state or condition of a community consisting of a master, a mistress and two slaves, making in all, two.
AMBROSE BIERCE, The Devil's Dictionary
Those who talk most about the blessings of marriage and the constancy of its vows are the very people who declare that if the chain were broken and the prisoners left free to choose, the whole social fabric would fly asunder. You cannot have the argument both ways. If the prisoner is happy, why lock him in? If he is not, why pretend that he is?
GEORGE BERNARD SHAW, Man and Superman
I always compare marriage to communism. They're both institutions that don't conform to human nature, so you're going to end up with lying and hypocrisy.
BILL MAHER, Rolling Stone, Aug. 24, 2006
I never did, nor do I believe I ever shall, give advice to a woman who is setting out on a matrimonial voyage; first, because I never could advise one to marry without her own consent; and, secondly, I know it is to no purpose to advise her to refrain when she has obtained it. A woman very rarely asks an opinion or requires advice on such an occasion, till her resolution is formed; and then it is with the hope and expectation of obtaining a sanction, not that she means to be governed by your disapprobation, that she applies.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Lund Washington, Sep. 20, 1783
I'm never going to get married again. Three strikes you're out. I think if I would try to get married again in California I have to go to prison don't I? I think you only get three.
ROSEANNE BARR, Larry King Live, Mar. 2, 2006
The present relationship existing between husband and wife, where one claims a command over the actions of the other, is nothing more than a remnant of the old leaven of slavery. It is necessarily destructive of refined love; for how can a man continue to regard as his type of the ideal a being whom he has, be denying an equality of privilege with himself, degraded to something below himself?
HERBERT SPENCER, An Autobiography
If men were wise they would see that the affection that God has implanted in us is amply sufficient, when not weakened by artificial aid, to ensure permanence of union; and if they would have more faith in this all would go well. To tie together by human law what God has tied together by passion, is about as wise as it would be to chain the moon to the earth lest the natural attraction existing between them should not be sufficient to prevent them flying asunder.
HERBERT SPENCER, An Autobiography
Courtship to marriage, as a very witty prologue to a very dull Play.
WILLIAM CONGREVE, The Old Bachelor
Marriage is like life in this - that it is a field of battle, and not a bed of roses.
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON, Virginibus Puerisque
Hail wedded love, mysterious law, true source
Of human offspring, sole propriety,
In Paradise of all things common else.
JOHN MILTON, Paradise Lost
Though women are angels, yet wedlock's the devil.
LORD BYRON, Hours of Idleness
It's terribly hard to be married ... harder than anything else. I think you have to be an angel.
AUGUST STRINDBERG, A Dream Play
Men marry because they are tired; women because they are curious. Both are disappointed.
OSCAR WILDE, A Woman of No Importance
Marry'd in haste, we oft repent at leisure.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Poor Richard's Almanac
GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Burwell Bassett, May 23, 1785
Marriage is popular because it combines the maximum of temptation with the maximum of opportunity.
GEORGE BERNARD SHAW, Maxims for Revolutionists
Marriage is for woman the commonest mode of livelihood, and the total amount of undesired sex endured by women is probably greater in marriage than in prostitution.
BERTRAND RUSSELL, Marriage and Morals
Getting married is like permanently grafting your hand to the cookie jar. No matter how sweet those cookies may taste, you can't help but wonder what would have happened if you'd chosen some other dessert--brownies, for instance ... or frozen yogurt ... or maybe chocolate strudel.
JEROME P. CRABB, Marriage Quotes and Quibbles
Love, the strongest and deepest element in all life, the harbinger of hope, of joy, of ecstasy; love, the defier of all laws, of all conventions; love, the freest, the most powerful molder of human destiny; how can such an all-compelling force be synonymous with that poor little State- and Church-begotten weed, marriage?
EMMA GOLDMAN, Anarchism and Other Essays
Wives are young men's mistresses, companions for middle age, and old men's nurses.
FRANCIS BACON, Essays
To make a happy fire-side clime
To weans and wife,
That's the true pathos and sublime
Of human life.
ROBERT BURNS, To Dr. Blacklock
Let men tremble to win the hand of woman, unless they win along with it the utmost passion of her heart.
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, The Scarlet Letter
When a match has equal partners, then I fear not.
AESCHYLUS, Prometheus Bound
Those marriages generally abound most with love and constancy that are preceded by a long courtship.
JOSEPH ADDISON, The Spectator, Dec. 29, 1711
A lady's imagination is very rapid; it jumps from admiration to love, from love to matrimony in a moment.
JANE AUSTEN, Pride and Prejudice
A man doesn't know what happiness is until he's married. By then it's too late.
FRANK SINATRA, The Joker Is Wild
Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. If the dispositions of the parties are ever so well known to each other or ever so similar beforehand, it does not advance their felicity in the least. They always continue to grow sufficiently unlike afterwards to have their share of vexation; and it is better to know as little as possible of the defects of the person with whom you are to pass your life.
JANE AUSTEN, Pride and Prejudice
Marriage, n. The state or condition of a community consisting of a master, a mistress and two slaves, making in all, two.
AMBROSE BIERCE, The Devil's Dictionary
Those who talk most about the blessings of marriage and the constancy of its vows are the very people who declare that if the chain were broken and the prisoners left free to choose, the whole social fabric would fly asunder. You cannot have the argument both ways. If the prisoner is happy, why lock him in? If he is not, why pretend that he is?
GEORGE BERNARD SHAW, Man and Superman
I always compare marriage to communism. They're both institutions that don't conform to human nature, so you're going to end up with lying and hypocrisy.
BILL MAHER, Rolling Stone, Aug. 24, 2006
I never did, nor do I believe I ever shall, give advice to a woman who is setting out on a matrimonial voyage; first, because I never could advise one to marry without her own consent; and, secondly, I know it is to no purpose to advise her to refrain when she has obtained it. A woman very rarely asks an opinion or requires advice on such an occasion, till her resolution is formed; and then it is with the hope and expectation of obtaining a sanction, not that she means to be governed by your disapprobation, that she applies.
GEORGE WASHINGTON, letter to Lund Washington, Sep. 20, 1783
I'm never going to get married again. Three strikes you're out. I think if I would try to get married again in California I have to go to prison don't I? I think you only get three.
ROSEANNE BARR, Larry King Live, Mar. 2, 2006
The present relationship existing between husband and wife, where one claims a command over the actions of the other, is nothing more than a remnant of the old leaven of slavery. It is necessarily destructive of refined love; for how can a man continue to regard as his type of the ideal a being whom he has, be denying an equality of privilege with himself, degraded to something below himself?
HERBERT SPENCER, An Autobiography
If men were wise they would see that the affection that God has implanted in us is amply sufficient, when not weakened by artificial aid, to ensure permanence of union; and if they would have more faith in this all would go well. To tie together by human law what God has tied together by passion, is about as wise as it would be to chain the moon to the earth lest the natural attraction existing between them should not be sufficient to prevent them flying asunder.
HERBERT SPENCER, An Autobiography
Courtship to marriage, as a very witty prologue to a very dull Play.
WILLIAM CONGREVE, The Old Bachelor
Marriage is like life in this - that it is a field of battle, and not a bed of roses.
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON, Virginibus Puerisque
Hail wedded love, mysterious law, true source
Of human offspring, sole propriety,
In Paradise of all things common else.
JOHN MILTON, Paradise Lost
Though women are angels, yet wedlock's the devil.
LORD BYRON, Hours of Idleness
It's terribly hard to be married ... harder than anything else. I think you have to be an angel.
AUGUST STRINDBERG, A Dream Play
Men marry because they are tired; women because they are curious. Both are disappointed.
OSCAR WILDE, A Woman of No Importance
Marry'd in haste, we oft repent at leisure.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Poor Richard's Almanac
Friday, June 20, 2008
Check Your IP
If you want to check your System IP Address then follow this link
http://whatismyipaddress.com/
http://www.ip-adress.com/
http://whatismyipaddress.com/
http://www.ip-adress.com/
Saturday, June 14, 2008
Do You know about Moon Facts
How did the moon form? According to the "giant impact" theory, the young Earth had no moon. At some point in Earth's early history, a rogue planet, larger than Mars, struck the Earth in a great, glancing blow. Instantly, most of the rogue body and a sizable chunk of Earth were vaporized. The cloud rose to above 13,700 miles (22,000 kilometers) altitude, where it condensed into innumerable solid particles that orbited the Earth as they aggregated into ever larger moonlets, which eventually combined to form the moon.
• By measuring the ages of lunar rocks, we know that the moon is about 4.6 billion years old, or about the same age as Earth.
• The distance between the Earth and its moon averages about 238,900 miles (384,000 kilometers). The diameter of the moon is 2,160 miles (3,476 kilometers). The moon's mass—the amount of material that makes up the moon—is about one-eightieth of the Earth's mass.
• Because the force of gravity at the surface of an object is the result of the object's mass and size, the surface gravity of the moon is only one-sixth that of the Earth. The force gravity exerts on a person determines the person's weight. Even though your mass would be the same on Earth and the moon, if you weigh 132 pounds (60 kilograms) on Earth, you would weight about 22 pounds (10 kilograms) on the moon.
• The rotation of the moon—the time it takes to spin once around on its own axis—takes the same amount of time as the moon takes to complete one orbit of the Earth, about 27.3 days. This means the moon's rotation is synchronized in a way that causes the moon to show the same face to the Earth at all times. One hemisphere always faces us, while the other always faces away. The lunar far side (aka the dark side) has been photographed only from spacecraft.
• The shape of the moon appears to change in a repeating cycle when viewed from the Earth because the amount of illuminated moon we see varies, depending on the moon's position in relation to the Earth and the sun. We see the full moon when the sun is directly behind us, illuminating a full hemisphere of the moon when it is directly in front of us. The new moon, when the moon is darkened, occurs when the moon is almost directly between Earth and the sun—the sun's light illuminates only the far side of the moon (the side we can't see from Earth).
• The moon orbits the Earth at an average speed of 2,300 miles an hour (3,700 kilometers an hour).
• The moon's gravitational pull on the Earth is the main cause of the rise and fall of ocean tides. The moon's gravitational pull causes two bulges of water on the Earth's oceans—one where ocean waters face the moon and the pull is strongest and one where ocean waters face away from the moon and the pull is weakest. Both bulges cause high tides. These are high tides. As the Earth rotates, the bulges move around it, one always facing the moon, the other directly opposite. The combined forces of gravity, the Earth's rotation, and other factors usually cause two high tides and two low tides each day.
• The airless lunar surface bakes in the sun at up to 243 degrees Fahrenheit (117 degrees Celsius) for two weeks at a time (the lunar day lasts about a month). Then, for an equal period, the same spot is in the dark. The dark side cools to about -272 degrees Fahrenheit (-169 degrees Celsius).
• The rocks and soil brought back by Apollo missions are extremely dry; the moon has no indigenous water. However, the moon is bombarded by water-laden comets and meteoroids. Most of this water is lost to space, but some is trapped in permanently shadowed areas near both poles of the moon.
• By measuring the ages of lunar rocks, we know that the moon is about 4.6 billion years old, or about the same age as Earth.
• The distance between the Earth and its moon averages about 238,900 miles (384,000 kilometers). The diameter of the moon is 2,160 miles (3,476 kilometers). The moon's mass—the amount of material that makes up the moon—is about one-eightieth of the Earth's mass.
• Because the force of gravity at the surface of an object is the result of the object's mass and size, the surface gravity of the moon is only one-sixth that of the Earth. The force gravity exerts on a person determines the person's weight. Even though your mass would be the same on Earth and the moon, if you weigh 132 pounds (60 kilograms) on Earth, you would weight about 22 pounds (10 kilograms) on the moon.
• The rotation of the moon—the time it takes to spin once around on its own axis—takes the same amount of time as the moon takes to complete one orbit of the Earth, about 27.3 days. This means the moon's rotation is synchronized in a way that causes the moon to show the same face to the Earth at all times. One hemisphere always faces us, while the other always faces away. The lunar far side (aka the dark side) has been photographed only from spacecraft.
• The shape of the moon appears to change in a repeating cycle when viewed from the Earth because the amount of illuminated moon we see varies, depending on the moon's position in relation to the Earth and the sun. We see the full moon when the sun is directly behind us, illuminating a full hemisphere of the moon when it is directly in front of us. The new moon, when the moon is darkened, occurs when the moon is almost directly between Earth and the sun—the sun's light illuminates only the far side of the moon (the side we can't see from Earth).
• The moon orbits the Earth at an average speed of 2,300 miles an hour (3,700 kilometers an hour).
• The moon's gravitational pull on the Earth is the main cause of the rise and fall of ocean tides. The moon's gravitational pull causes two bulges of water on the Earth's oceans—one where ocean waters face the moon and the pull is strongest and one where ocean waters face away from the moon and the pull is weakest. Both bulges cause high tides. These are high tides. As the Earth rotates, the bulges move around it, one always facing the moon, the other directly opposite. The combined forces of gravity, the Earth's rotation, and other factors usually cause two high tides and two low tides each day.
• The airless lunar surface bakes in the sun at up to 243 degrees Fahrenheit (117 degrees Celsius) for two weeks at a time (the lunar day lasts about a month). Then, for an equal period, the same spot is in the dark. The dark side cools to about -272 degrees Fahrenheit (-169 degrees Celsius).
• The rocks and soil brought back by Apollo missions are extremely dry; the moon has no indigenous water. However, the moon is bombarded by water-laden comets and meteoroids. Most of this water is lost to space, but some is trapped in permanently shadowed areas near both poles of the moon.
Do You Know about Sun Facts
What is the Sun?Believe it or not, the Sun is just a star, just like those we see twinkling at night. The Sun, however, is so much closer to us on Earth that it looks much bigger, much brighter, and we can even feel heat coming from it.
Scientists know great deal about the stars that shine at night. Compared to these other stars, the Sun is actually quite average. Many of the stars that appear so small in the night sky are actually much bigger than our Sun. Others, however, are quite tiny in comparison. Some are much hotter, and some are so cool and dim we can barely see them. But for us on Earth, the Sun is just right!
What is the Sun made of?The Sun is made of hot gases, containing many of the same materials we find here on the Earth. These materials, called elements, include hydrogen, helium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and iron. You can find all of these on any periodic table of elements.
Did you know that most of the atoms in our bodies were made inside stars? As the famous scientist and educator Carl Sagan says, we are "star stuff."
How big is the Sun?The Sun is HUGE! Even though it looks small in the sky it is actually bigger than you might imagine. It only looks small because it is 93 million miles away. (That's about 150 million km.) The Earth is very tiny compared to the Sun. In fact, if you think of the Sun as a basketball, the Earth would only be the size of the head of a pin -- a mere speck.
The Earth is about 13 thousand kilometers (8000 miles) wide, whereas the Sun is roughly 1.4 million kilometers (900,000 miles) across. This means it would take more than 100 Earths to span the width of the Sun! If the Sun were a hollow ball, you could fit about one million Earths inside of it!
How far away is the Sun?The Sun is very FAR from Earth. In fact, it is 93 million miles away. (That's about 150 million km.) If the Sun were the size of a basketball, and Earth the size of the head of a pin, the basketball and the pin would be separated by about 100 feet -- a third of a football field (30.5 meters). If you were standing at the basketball (and didn't have a telescope to help you), you wouldn't even be able to see the pinhead Earth.
Another way to understand the distance is to think of driving to the Sun in a car. If you actually could do this, and drove really fast, say 60 miles an hour (80 km/hr), it would take you 176 years to get there! Light from the Sun takes about 8 minutes to reach the Earth. If you understand how fast light travels, you can recognize that the Sun must be very far away.
How heavy is the Sun?Although we cannot actually weigh the Sun with a scale, we can compute its weight by studying the way it affects other objects, like the Earth. We do know that it contains virtually all the mass in our solar system! We can also understand this better by making some comparisons. Since the Sun is so much more massive than the Earth (over 300,000 times heavier) its gravitational pull is also much larger. A child that weighs 75 pounds on Earth would weigh about a ton on the Sun. The weight increases by a factor of 30. (Of course, we cannot really stand on the Sun, for it is too hot and has no solid surface.)
How old is the Sun?The Sun is about 4 1/2 billion years old. Humans have only been around for a tiny, tiny fraction of this time. As a comparison, if you think of 4.5 billion years as the length of a 12 inch ruler, then the time humans have existed wouldn't even be the width of the lines marking the inches. (Metric equivalent is 30.5cm and it would still be just the width of the markings.)
The Sun will remain more or less the way it is now for about another 5 billion years. After that, it will exhaust the hydrogen it currently "burns" and will enter a new phase of existence. During this phase the Sun will begin "burning" helium and will expand to about 100 times its current size and become what is called a red giant. Once it runs out of helium it will collapse into a much smaller object called a white dwarf.
How hot is the Sun?The Sun is extremely HOT! The middle of the Sun is at least 10 million degrees. The "surface" of the Sun (what we see) is only 5800 degrees. This is cool for the Sun, but is actually about 16 times hotter than boiling water (ouch!). The outer atmosphere of the Sun (which we don't really see with our eyes) gets extremely hot again, about 1.5 to 2 million degrees. These huge temperature changes are very interesting to scientists.
Can the Sun be dangerous?Never look directly at the Sun, even with sunglasses. The human eye is not made to look at an object that bright. It is so bright it could easily blind you in just a few seconds. Have you ever looked at a bright light bulb and then had to look away after a short time? Well, the Sun is about a million times brighter than a household light bulb. This is why you can injure your eyes: if you look directly at the Sun, the inside of your eyes can burn severely and may never heal again. You could lose your sight permanently. In order to study the Sun, scientists look directly at the Sun only with the aid of special instruments that are made to tolerate the extreme brightness.
The Sun also emits harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can damage your skin and eyes. In fact, any tan is a sign of damage to your skin! A sunburn may hurt for a while, but damaging your skin over many years can cause many problems, including skin cancer. That is why you should always wear sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher when you will be out in the Sun for more than a few minutes. This applies even for cloudy days -- though not as bright as sunny days, much of the harmful UV light still comes through. Note that having a tan is little protection from skin damage, providing an SPF of only about 2.
To help protect your eyes, use sunglasses that filter 100% of UV light. When you buy glasses, check for labels that say 100% UV Protection. People who don't protect their eyes when they are young run the risk of loss of sight when older, including getting cataracts .
Why do we study the Sun?Without the Sun, life on Earth would not exist. Our planet would be a frozen dark ball, drifting dead in space. We need the Sun for light, heat and energy. With the Sun, plants can grow, and animals can eat. The Sun's output changes over time. These changes affect not only our daily lives and climate, but also our communications, such as by satellites. The more we know about the Sun, the better we can deal with these changes.
In the past, we know the Sun was a little different than it is now, and at those times the Earth experienced ice ages. During the most recent ice age, almost all of Canada and the Northern US was covered in a huge sheet of ice about a mile thick! (That's about 1.6 km.) Even recently (the late 1600s) Europe and North America were a bit cooler than they are now, experiencing a little ice age, and changes in the Sun were most likely responsible.
The ozone hole is something different. Ozone is important to humans because it shields us from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The chemicals from leaky refrigerators and air conditioners make their way up in to highest part of the Earth's atmosphere. Way up there, these chemicals destroy ozone, and scientists have noticed recently that the layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere is becoming thin in some places. Scientists must study this so we can understand why it is occurring, and to take action now to protect it. It is interesting, however, that ozone is considered a pollutant when it is close to the ground. It hurts plants and trees, and our lungs. But we need it way up high to shield us from the UV.
Also, learning more about the Sun helps us to understand better other stars. And this helps us understand better the universe in which we live.
How do scientists study the Sun?Studying the Sun and how it affects the Earth is a very complicated process. In order to successfully do this, scientists approach the problem in many different ways. They separate their scientific efforts into categories and usually specialize in specific areas, such as How the amount of light from the Sun varies over time, or How the Sun's light affects the Earth's climate.
Some scientists study the Sun using computers to predict what the Sun may do in the future. Others build special instruments which look at the Sun and make measurements; they use computers both to collect and later make sense of the measurements.
What are the aurorae?The Aurora are colorful, whispy, moving curtains of light that occur in the night sky near one the Earth's poles. This light moves around in and changes color in a dazzling dance of light. The aurora are caused by energetic particles coming from the Sun. The Sun is very active, always putting stuff out into space. Every once in a while it can suddenly eject material -- a million tons of it -- into space. Some of this comes towards the Earth and hits our atmosphere.
The material (small particles) interacts with the Earth's outer atmosphere, causing the gas in the atmosphere to release light. This light appears in many different colors (green, blue, and red), and we call it the aurorae.
In the north they are called aurora boreallis, or northern lights. In the south they are called aurora australis, or southern lights.
What is an eclipse?Periodically the Moon will move directly in front of the the Sun. When it does, it blocks the light coming from the Sun. If it blocks out the Sun totally, we call this a total eclipse. If the Moon only blocks part of the Sun, it is a partial eclipse. You may wish to visit a real total eclipse, observed from the South American country Chile in 1994.
During a partial eclipse, you can still see part of the Sun behind the Moon, so you must not look at it. But, if you look at shadows from the leaves in trees you'll see they appear crescent shaped. Ask your teacher to make a pinhole camera, or project an image of the Sun using a mirror, and you'll be able to see the Moon blocking the Sun.
During a total eclipse, the bright Sun is completely blocked. At this time, the outer atmosphere of the Sun, or corona, becomes visible. During this brief occurrence, you can look at the corona with your eyes, because it is a million times dimmer than the Sun. Be very careful though -- even the slightest portion of the Sun poking past the edge of the Moon can hurt your eyes!
As you may know, the Moon is much smaller than the Earth, and it cannot block the Sun from the whole Earth at once. For this reason, eclipses only affect a small portion of the Earth's surface when they occur.
By the way, during a total eclipse, the stars are also visible!
Facts and figures
The Sun's mass is 2 x 1027 tonnes
About 75% of the Sun is hydrogen, the rest is mostly helium.
Gravity holds the Sun together.
The weight of the outer layers of the Sun causes the density and temperature to increase inwards, until at the centre the temperature is 15 million degrees Celsius and the density is 160 times that of water!!
At the centre of the Sun, hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium, releasing the energy upon which we depend.
The layers of the sun
The sun is not just a ball of gas in the sky, it is made up of different layers that all look different:
The surface of the sun is called the photosphere and is made up of thick gases. It is called a surface, but you couldn't walk on it - you would sink into the hot gas! It looks yellowy in colour and is marked with dark splotches called sun spots. Sun spots are not there all of the time, but change from day to day.
The photosphere is covered by two layers of atmosphere called the chromosphere and the corona. They are both almost invisible because the photosphere is so bright, and can only be seen properly with special telescopes or when there is a solar eclipse.
The chromosphere is made up of hot gases (mainly hydrogen), that swirl around the surface of the sun. Within these gases storms can occur and even hurricanes!
The corona is the outermost layer of the sun and stretches towards the planets as far as Mercury, getting thinner all the time.
Under the photosphere is the interior, made up of three hot layers. The core (the central part) is the hottest, we think it is around 15,000,000 °C (remember that water boils at 100 °C and freezes at 0 °C). This is where the light we see is created by nuclear reactions between hydrogen and helium. In the next layer up, the radiative zone, the heat created in the core moves outward through the gases.
In the convective zone, energy is transported by convection (like boiling soup). Convection therefore allows the photosphere to be heated up by the interior so that we can see the light from the sun.
Scientists know great deal about the stars that shine at night. Compared to these other stars, the Sun is actually quite average. Many of the stars that appear so small in the night sky are actually much bigger than our Sun. Others, however, are quite tiny in comparison. Some are much hotter, and some are so cool and dim we can barely see them. But for us on Earth, the Sun is just right!
What is the Sun made of?The Sun is made of hot gases, containing many of the same materials we find here on the Earth. These materials, called elements, include hydrogen, helium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and iron. You can find all of these on any periodic table of elements.
Did you know that most of the atoms in our bodies were made inside stars? As the famous scientist and educator Carl Sagan says, we are "star stuff."
How big is the Sun?The Sun is HUGE! Even though it looks small in the sky it is actually bigger than you might imagine. It only looks small because it is 93 million miles away. (That's about 150 million km.) The Earth is very tiny compared to the Sun. In fact, if you think of the Sun as a basketball, the Earth would only be the size of the head of a pin -- a mere speck.
The Earth is about 13 thousand kilometers (8000 miles) wide, whereas the Sun is roughly 1.4 million kilometers (900,000 miles) across. This means it would take more than 100 Earths to span the width of the Sun! If the Sun were a hollow ball, you could fit about one million Earths inside of it!
How far away is the Sun?The Sun is very FAR from Earth. In fact, it is 93 million miles away. (That's about 150 million km.) If the Sun were the size of a basketball, and Earth the size of the head of a pin, the basketball and the pin would be separated by about 100 feet -- a third of a football field (30.5 meters). If you were standing at the basketball (and didn't have a telescope to help you), you wouldn't even be able to see the pinhead Earth.
Another way to understand the distance is to think of driving to the Sun in a car. If you actually could do this, and drove really fast, say 60 miles an hour (80 km/hr), it would take you 176 years to get there! Light from the Sun takes about 8 minutes to reach the Earth. If you understand how fast light travels, you can recognize that the Sun must be very far away.
How heavy is the Sun?Although we cannot actually weigh the Sun with a scale, we can compute its weight by studying the way it affects other objects, like the Earth. We do know that it contains virtually all the mass in our solar system! We can also understand this better by making some comparisons. Since the Sun is so much more massive than the Earth (over 300,000 times heavier) its gravitational pull is also much larger. A child that weighs 75 pounds on Earth would weigh about a ton on the Sun. The weight increases by a factor of 30. (Of course, we cannot really stand on the Sun, for it is too hot and has no solid surface.)
How old is the Sun?The Sun is about 4 1/2 billion years old. Humans have only been around for a tiny, tiny fraction of this time. As a comparison, if you think of 4.5 billion years as the length of a 12 inch ruler, then the time humans have existed wouldn't even be the width of the lines marking the inches. (Metric equivalent is 30.5cm and it would still be just the width of the markings.)
The Sun will remain more or less the way it is now for about another 5 billion years. After that, it will exhaust the hydrogen it currently "burns" and will enter a new phase of existence. During this phase the Sun will begin "burning" helium and will expand to about 100 times its current size and become what is called a red giant. Once it runs out of helium it will collapse into a much smaller object called a white dwarf.
How hot is the Sun?The Sun is extremely HOT! The middle of the Sun is at least 10 million degrees. The "surface" of the Sun (what we see) is only 5800 degrees. This is cool for the Sun, but is actually about 16 times hotter than boiling water (ouch!). The outer atmosphere of the Sun (which we don't really see with our eyes) gets extremely hot again, about 1.5 to 2 million degrees. These huge temperature changes are very interesting to scientists.
Can the Sun be dangerous?Never look directly at the Sun, even with sunglasses. The human eye is not made to look at an object that bright. It is so bright it could easily blind you in just a few seconds. Have you ever looked at a bright light bulb and then had to look away after a short time? Well, the Sun is about a million times brighter than a household light bulb. This is why you can injure your eyes: if you look directly at the Sun, the inside of your eyes can burn severely and may never heal again. You could lose your sight permanently. In order to study the Sun, scientists look directly at the Sun only with the aid of special instruments that are made to tolerate the extreme brightness.
The Sun also emits harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can damage your skin and eyes. In fact, any tan is a sign of damage to your skin! A sunburn may hurt for a while, but damaging your skin over many years can cause many problems, including skin cancer. That is why you should always wear sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher when you will be out in the Sun for more than a few minutes. This applies even for cloudy days -- though not as bright as sunny days, much of the harmful UV light still comes through. Note that having a tan is little protection from skin damage, providing an SPF of only about 2.
To help protect your eyes, use sunglasses that filter 100% of UV light. When you buy glasses, check for labels that say 100% UV Protection. People who don't protect their eyes when they are young run the risk of loss of sight when older, including getting cataracts .
Why do we study the Sun?Without the Sun, life on Earth would not exist. Our planet would be a frozen dark ball, drifting dead in space. We need the Sun for light, heat and energy. With the Sun, plants can grow, and animals can eat. The Sun's output changes over time. These changes affect not only our daily lives and climate, but also our communications, such as by satellites. The more we know about the Sun, the better we can deal with these changes.
In the past, we know the Sun was a little different than it is now, and at those times the Earth experienced ice ages. During the most recent ice age, almost all of Canada and the Northern US was covered in a huge sheet of ice about a mile thick! (That's about 1.6 km.) Even recently (the late 1600s) Europe and North America were a bit cooler than they are now, experiencing a little ice age, and changes in the Sun were most likely responsible.
The ozone hole is something different. Ozone is important to humans because it shields us from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The chemicals from leaky refrigerators and air conditioners make their way up in to highest part of the Earth's atmosphere. Way up there, these chemicals destroy ozone, and scientists have noticed recently that the layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere is becoming thin in some places. Scientists must study this so we can understand why it is occurring, and to take action now to protect it. It is interesting, however, that ozone is considered a pollutant when it is close to the ground. It hurts plants and trees, and our lungs. But we need it way up high to shield us from the UV.
Also, learning more about the Sun helps us to understand better other stars. And this helps us understand better the universe in which we live.
How do scientists study the Sun?Studying the Sun and how it affects the Earth is a very complicated process. In order to successfully do this, scientists approach the problem in many different ways. They separate their scientific efforts into categories and usually specialize in specific areas, such as How the amount of light from the Sun varies over time, or How the Sun's light affects the Earth's climate.
Some scientists study the Sun using computers to predict what the Sun may do in the future. Others build special instruments which look at the Sun and make measurements; they use computers both to collect and later make sense of the measurements.
What are the aurorae?The Aurora are colorful, whispy, moving curtains of light that occur in the night sky near one the Earth's poles. This light moves around in and changes color in a dazzling dance of light. The aurora are caused by energetic particles coming from the Sun. The Sun is very active, always putting stuff out into space. Every once in a while it can suddenly eject material -- a million tons of it -- into space. Some of this comes towards the Earth and hits our atmosphere.
The material (small particles) interacts with the Earth's outer atmosphere, causing the gas in the atmosphere to release light. This light appears in many different colors (green, blue, and red), and we call it the aurorae.
In the north they are called aurora boreallis, or northern lights. In the south they are called aurora australis, or southern lights.
What is an eclipse?Periodically the Moon will move directly in front of the the Sun. When it does, it blocks the light coming from the Sun. If it blocks out the Sun totally, we call this a total eclipse. If the Moon only blocks part of the Sun, it is a partial eclipse. You may wish to visit a real total eclipse, observed from the South American country Chile in 1994.
During a partial eclipse, you can still see part of the Sun behind the Moon, so you must not look at it. But, if you look at shadows from the leaves in trees you'll see they appear crescent shaped. Ask your teacher to make a pinhole camera, or project an image of the Sun using a mirror, and you'll be able to see the Moon blocking the Sun.
During a total eclipse, the bright Sun is completely blocked. At this time, the outer atmosphere of the Sun, or corona, becomes visible. During this brief occurrence, you can look at the corona with your eyes, because it is a million times dimmer than the Sun. Be very careful though -- even the slightest portion of the Sun poking past the edge of the Moon can hurt your eyes!
As you may know, the Moon is much smaller than the Earth, and it cannot block the Sun from the whole Earth at once. For this reason, eclipses only affect a small portion of the Earth's surface when they occur.
By the way, during a total eclipse, the stars are also visible!
Facts and figures
The Sun's mass is 2 x 1027 tonnes
About 75% of the Sun is hydrogen, the rest is mostly helium.
Gravity holds the Sun together.
The weight of the outer layers of the Sun causes the density and temperature to increase inwards, until at the centre the temperature is 15 million degrees Celsius and the density is 160 times that of water!!
At the centre of the Sun, hydrogen nuclei fuse into helium, releasing the energy upon which we depend.
The layers of the sun
The sun is not just a ball of gas in the sky, it is made up of different layers that all look different:
The surface of the sun is called the photosphere and is made up of thick gases. It is called a surface, but you couldn't walk on it - you would sink into the hot gas! It looks yellowy in colour and is marked with dark splotches called sun spots. Sun spots are not there all of the time, but change from day to day.
The photosphere is covered by two layers of atmosphere called the chromosphere and the corona. They are both almost invisible because the photosphere is so bright, and can only be seen properly with special telescopes or when there is a solar eclipse.
The chromosphere is made up of hot gases (mainly hydrogen), that swirl around the surface of the sun. Within these gases storms can occur and even hurricanes!
The corona is the outermost layer of the sun and stretches towards the planets as far as Mercury, getting thinner all the time.
Under the photosphere is the interior, made up of three hot layers. The core (the central part) is the hottest, we think it is around 15,000,000 °C (remember that water boils at 100 °C and freezes at 0 °C). This is where the light we see is created by nuclear reactions between hydrogen and helium. In the next layer up, the radiative zone, the heat created in the core moves outward through the gases.
In the convective zone, energy is transported by convection (like boiling soup). Convection therefore allows the photosphere to be heated up by the interior so that we can see the light from the sun.
Wednesday, June 11, 2008
What do you think about How to think?
When we start thinking, we factually start producing a chain of thoughts. Incidentally the Almighty has bestowed this capability of limit less continuous thinking on human beings. There are 8.4 million species of all beings in the world. Except human beings the other 83,99,999 species of our fellow beings do not possess this power or it might be with them only in negligible dimensions. Mostly they do all acts instinctually.Conversion of thought from the state of idea / desire to determination and finally to instincts / emotions /’Sanskars’ is the result of its bonds with force of Pran, we are able to put in. Further, a thought can propagate only due to Pran as carrier and in 'Akash' as medium. If you think of some body, the thought carrying ‘Pran’ moves and strikes directly on the Pranmaya Kosh of that fellow. It shakes to the thoughts of that envelope and depending on its might, it may bring the desired thought on the surface so as to strike on the ‘Chitta’ screen and from there get appreciated by the brain of that fellow. This is how the telepathy becomes possible. In the wake of emotional surges, occurrences of such communications are observed clearly. A mighty thought means that it carries a lot of Pran. The Pran is a mysterious element and one who wants to learn meditation, must have some knowledge of it. In order of decreasing density, the Earth, the Water, the Air, the ‘Agni’ and the ‘Akash’ are five elements used by the Almighty in creation of ‘Jad Prakerti’. Pran / Chetna, is still finer form of chetanya Prakerti. Since a human being has been bestowed with enormous capacity to think continuously, formation of a strong chain of thoughts becomes possible by him. If the chain is strong, he can become effective in continued displacement of a lot of Pran embodied with the thoughts.
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